head to head
Neither is simply harder - they are hard in different places. DOOM (2016) demands more optimization; osu! demands more execution.

Execution · Pure Mechanics
Push-forward arena FPS where movement and aim are the whole game.

Execution · Pure Mechanics
Rhythm game where clicking circles to the beat becomes an athletic discipline.
DOOM (2016) leans Execution (Pure Mechanics); osu! leans Execution (Pure Mechanics).
osu! leans clearly harder on execution.
DOOM (2016)
Aim, movement, glory-kill timing all peak.
osu!
Pixel-perfect cursor aim and tapping at extreme speeds
DOOM (2016) leans a little harder on reads, though the gap is small.
DOOM (2016)
Demons scripted attack patterns.
osu!
No opponent interaction in scoring
DOOM (2016) leans a little harder on variance, though the gap is small.
DOOM (2016)
Minimal encounter randomness.
osu!
Beatmaps are fully deterministic
DOOM (2016) leans clearly harder on optimization.
DOOM (2016)
Rune and weapon mod picks meaningful.
osu!
Mod choices and map selection for ranking
A matching score does not mean a matching test. Two games can both sit at 10 on execution and demand completely different things of you - which is why the reasoning above matters more than the number beside it.