head to head
Neither is simply harder - they are hard in different places. Portal demands more execution; The Cave demands more variance.

Optimization · Pure Optimization
The portal-gun puzzle game whose solutions are everything.

Optimization · Pure Optimization
Coordinating three characters through fixed object-logic puzzles.
Portal leans Optimization (Pure Optimization); The Cave leans Optimization (Pure Optimization).
Portal leans clearly harder on execution.
Portal
Portal placement timing modest.
The Cave
Undemanding platforming with no timing pressure
Same score on reads - which means the number cannot separate them. The difference is in what each one asks of you.
Portal
No adversary modeling player.
The Cave
No adversary - a narrating cave is not a mind
The Cave leans clearly harder on variance.
Portal
Deterministic chambers; no randomness.
The Cave
Each character's section is unknown on first descent
Portal leans clearly harder on optimization.
Portal
Pure puzzle-solving optimization.
The Cave
Three-character object-shuffling puzzles are the whole game
A matching score does not mean a matching test. Two games can both sit at 10 on execution and demand completely different things of you - which is why the reasoning above matters more than the number beside it.