head to head
Neither is simply harder - they are hard in different places. Fallout Shelter demands more variance; Portal demands more execution.

Optimization · Pure Optimization
A vault management sim about optimising dwellers, rooms, and resource loops.

Optimization · Pure Optimization
The portal-gun puzzle game whose solutions are everything.
Fallout Shelter leans Optimization (Pure Optimization); Portal leans Optimization (Pure Optimization).
Portal leans clearly harder on execution.
Fallout Shelter
Tapping menus only
Portal
Portal placement timing modest.
Same score on reads - which means the number cannot separate them. The difference is in what each one asks of you.
Fallout Shelter
No opponent
Portal
No adversary modeling player.
Fallout Shelter leans clearly harder on variance.
Fallout Shelter
Incident spawns and lunchbox loot rolls
Portal
Deterministic chambers; no randomness.
Portal leans a little harder on optimization, though the gap is small.
Fallout Shelter
Dweller stats and room layout are fully solvable
Portal
Pure puzzle-solving optimization.
A matching score does not mean a matching test. Two games can both sit at 10 on execution and demand completely different things of you - which is why the reasoning above matters more than the number beside it.