head to head
Neither is simply harder - they are hard in different places. Gratuitous Space Battles demands more variance; Portal demands more execution.

Optimization · Pure Optimization
Pre-solving battles through ship design and deployment, then watching the answer play out.

Optimization · Pure Optimization
The portal-gun puzzle game whose solutions are everything.
Gratuitous Space Battles leans Optimization (Pure Optimization); Portal leans Optimization (Pure Optimization).
Portal leans clearly harder on execution.
Gratuitous Space Battles
Battles run hands-off once deployed
Portal
Portal placement timing modest.
Gratuitous Space Battles leans a little harder on reads, though the gap is small.
Gratuitous Space Battles
Async challenges exist but fleets cannot adapt mid-fight
Portal
No adversary modeling player.
Gratuitous Space Battles leans clearly harder on variance.
Gratuitous Space Battles
Unknown enemy loadouts add pre-battle hidden information
Portal
Deterministic chambers; no randomness.
Gratuitous Space Battles leans a little harder on optimization, though the gap is small.
Gratuitous Space Battles
Ship design and deployment orders decide everything before combat starts
Portal
Pure puzzle-solving optimization.
A matching score does not mean a matching test. Two games can both sit at 10 on execution and demand completely different things of you - which is why the reasoning above matters more than the number beside it.